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- $Unique_ID{BRK03729}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Factor IX Deficiency}
- $Subject{Factor IX Deficiency Christmas Disease Hemophilia B Plasma
- Thromboplastin Component Deficiency PTC Deficiency Hemophilia A (Classic
- Hemophilia) Von Willebrand Disease}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 480:
- Factor IX Deficiency
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Factor IX Deficiency) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Christmas Disease
- Hemophilia B
- Plasma Thromboplastin Component Deficiency
- PTC Deficiency
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Hemophilia A (Classic Hemophilia)
- Von Willebrand Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** IMPORTANT**
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Factor IX Deficiency is a severe genetic bleeding disorder that resembles
- classic Hemophilia A, although it occurs only one-fifth as often as
- Hemophilia A. Factor IX is a component of the blood clotting substance
- thromboplastin. It is deficient at birth in patients with this disorder.
- Factor IX Deficiency varies in severity between families and occurs most
- often among males. In rare instances, female carriers have been known to
- exhibit this deficiency in a mild form. Symptoms include prolonged bleeding
- episodes, and in very severe cases, joint pain and bone deformities.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Factor IX Deficiency (Hemophilia B) is marked by spontaneous or injury-
- related incidents of prolonged bleeding, which may occur internally as well
- as near or on the skin. Individuals with mild cases may experience severe
- bleeding only after dental extractions or surgery. In very severe cases,
- bleeding into any area of the body can occur, including the gastrointestinal
- tract and the central nervous system.
-
- In very severe cases, joints, bones or muscles may be affected.
- Accumulations resulting from internal bleeding inside joints, bones or
- muscles can cause pain and possibly deformities. Eventually, the ends of
- long bones may become eroded and bone surface (periosteal) pain, cell death
- (necrosis) and pseudocyst formation may become chronic problems. Substances
- which inhibit the activity of Factor IX may develop in some patients with
- Factor IX Deficiency after they have received transfusions over a long period
- of time.
-
- Causes
-
- Factor IX Deficiency is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait with
- incomplete penetrance. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases,
- are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one
- received from the father and one from the mother. X-linked recessive
- disorders are conditions which are coded on the X chromosome. Females have
- two X chromosomes, but males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
- Therefore in females, disease traits on the X chromosome can be masked by the
- normal gene on the other X chromosome. Since males have only one X
- chromosome, if they inherit a gene for a disease present on the X, it will be
- expressed. Men with X-linked disorders transmit the gene to all their
- daughters, who are carriers, but never to their sons. Women who are carriers
- of an X-linked disorder have a fifty percent risk of transmitting the carrier
- condition to their daughters, and a fifty percent risk of transmitting the
- disease to their sons.) Symptoms are caused by a deficiency of factor IX
- which leads to diminished amounts of the blood clotting substance known as
- thromboplastin.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Factor IX Deficiency predominately affects males although cases among female
- carriers have been documented in the medical literature.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Factor IX
- Deficiency. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia) is an inherited blood disorder marked
- by a permanent tendency to prolonged bleeding, either spontaneous or caused
- by injury. It is caused by a deficiency in blood factor VIII. This disorder
- occurs almost exclusively among males, and is characterized by prolonged
- clotting time, decreased production of thromboplastin, and diminished
- conversion of prothrombin. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Hemophilia" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Von Willebrand Disease is a hereditary blood clotting disorder
- transmitted as a dominant trait. This disorder is characterized by a
- tendency to bleed primarily from the mucous membranes with prolonged bleeding
- time, normal platelet count with possible defects, as well as partial and
- variable deficiency of blood factor VIII. Increased risk of excessive
- bleeding following surgery, dental procedures, or injury, occurs in patients
- with this disorder. With proper treatment and appropriate precautions, few
- patients become seriously handicapped by Von Willebrand Disease. The
- tendency to prolonged bleeding usually decreases with age. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Von Willebrand" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Factor IX Deficiency consists of transfusions of prothrombin
- complex concentrates rich in factor IX, and/or transfusions of fresh frozen
- plasma. Fresh frozen plasma is useful for minor episodes of bleeding,
- whereas prothrombin concentrates are most effective for treating severe
- bleeding episodes.
-
- The risk of contracting AIDS or hepatitis exists when prothrombin
- concentrates from an infected donor are not screened properly and are used to
- treat Factor IX Deficiency patients. Additionally, there is a possibility
- that the increased amounts of Factor IX may cause blood clotting inside
- veins. Dental extractions and all surgical procedures should be undertaken
- only with careful precautions. When pseudotumors develop inside joints,
- muscles or bones, they may be removed surgically if they cause pain and
- disability. Genetic counseling is recommended for patients and their
- families. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. (For more
- information, see the AIDS Update section of NORD Services.)
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Severe cases of Factor IX Deficiency may be treated with plasmapheresis when
- conventional procedures are not successful in controlling bleeding. This
- experimental procedure is a method for removing unwanted substances (toxins,
- metabolic substances and plasma parts) from the blood. Blood is removed from
- the patient and blood cells are separated from plasma. The patient's plasma
- is then replaced with other human plasma and the blood is retransfused into
- the patient. This therapy is still under investigation to analyze side
- effects and effectiveness. More research is needed before plasmapheresis can
- be recommended for use in all but the most severe cases of Factor IX
- Deficiency.
-
- Monoclonal Factor IX is being used in the replacement treatment and
- prophylaxis of hemorrhagic complications of Factor IX Deficiency. It is
- manufactured by Armour Pharmaceutical Co., 920A Harvest Dr., Suite 200, Blue
- Bell, PA 19422.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Factor IX Deficiency, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Hemophilia Foundation
- The Soho Building
- 110 Greene Street #406
- New York, NY 10012
- (212) 219-8180
-
- Canadian Hemophilia Society, National Office
- 100 King Street West, Suite 210
- Hamilton, Ontario L8P 1A2
-
- World Federation of Hemophilia
- 1155 Dorchester Boulevard West, Suite 1517
- Montreal, Quebec, H3B 2L3
- Canada
- (514) 866-0442
-
- The Haemophilia Society
- P.O. Box 9
- 16 Trinity Street
- London SE1 1DE
- England
- 01-407-1010
-
- NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4236
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7TH Ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 1385-1386.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th Ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
- al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 1549-1550.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 1014.
-
- INDUCTION OF SPLIT TOLERANCE AND CLINICAL CURE IN HIGH-RESPONDING
- HEMOPHILIACS WITH FACTOR IX ANTIBODIES: I.M. Nilsson, et al.; Proc Natl Acad
- Sci (December 1986, issue 83(23)). Pp. 9169-9173.
-
- REPAIR OF VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT AND AORTIC REGURGITATION ASSOCIATED
- WITH SEVERE HEMOPHILIA B: A. Mazzucco, et al.; Ann Thorac Surg (July 1986,
- issue 42(1)). Pp. 97-99.
-
-